arm64 aarch64 amd64 x86_64系统架构的区别

ARM处理器实现的是精简指令集计算机（Reduced Instruction Set Computer，RISC）架构。

AArch64 and ARM64 refer to the same thing.

AArch64 is the 64-bit state introduced in the Armv8-A architecture. The 32-bit state which is backwards compatible with Armv7-A and previous 32-bit Arm architectures is referred to as AArch32. Therefore the GNU triplet for the 64-bit ISA is aarch64. The Linux kernel community chose to call their port of the kernel to this architecture arm64 rather than aarch64, so that’s where some of the arm64 usage comes from.

The Apple-developed backend for AArch64 was called ARM64 whereas the LLVM community-developed backend was called AArch64 (as it is the canonical name for the 64-bit ISA). The two were merged in 2014 and the backend now is called AArch64.

They are the same.

AMD was the first to create 64-bit extensions to the x86 instruction set. (Intel at the moment decided to go a different path, developing IA64 with HP, practically co-opting HP’s PA-RISC CPUs to become Itanium CPUs).

The Open Source community appreciates AMD’s breakthrough and decided to give the code name of “amd64” to the extensions (to prevent confusion with Intel’s 64-bit instruction set ia64).

Intel naturally doesn’t like this situation and ‘gently’ ‘suggested’ an alternative, more vendor-neutral moniker of x86_64. Some Open Source community took the bait and changed the moniker. Others don’t see the need to change and keep using the amd64 moniker.

But for all practical purposes with no exceptions, the two monikers — x86_64 and amd64 — are exactly the same.